Types of relationships are important to understand. Choosing right type of relationship between activities will help in developing a realistic project schedule. Also you need a sound understanding of relationships if you need to compress a schedule. One of the schedule compression techniques involves changing the type of relationships between activities to fast track them.
Types of Relationships:
There are four types of relationships in Primavera P6. These relationships actually came from Precedence Diagramming Method or PDM. As Primavera P6 used PDM method for scheduling so these relationship types are also available in Primavera P6. These four types of relationships are:
- Finish to Start or FS
- Start to Start or SS
- Finish to Finish or FF
- Start to Finish or SF
Before you continue, it is important to understand the concept of predecessor and successor activity. You can read this topic in detail by following the link below.
Read: Predecessor and Successor in Project Management
Now lets look at the types of relationships in detail.
Finish to Start or FS:
In finish to start relationship, start of successor activity is controlled by finish of predecessor activity. For example you can build foundations of a building after you have done excavations. Or you can test a software after you have developed it. In Finish to Start, relationship arrow originates from finish of the predecessor and finishes at start of the successor.
FS relationship doesn’t mean that successor activity can only start after predecessor activity has finished. It only means that start of successor activity is controlled by finish of predecessor activity. In FS relationship, successor activity can start before the finish of predecessor activity if lead is applied to successor. For example you can start building foundations when 75% of excavations are completed. You don’t have to wait for complete excavation to start your foundations. This type of relationship is mostly used in the schedule. If you are confused about exact relationship between activities then go for FS relationship.
Start to Start or SS:
In start to start, start of successor activity is controlled by start of predecessor activity. For example when a project starts then project management activities are also started with it. Or you can start leveling of concrete when pouring of concrete is started.
SS relationship doesn’t mean that successor activity can only start when predecessor activity has started. It only means that start of successor activity is controlled by start of predecessor activity. In SS relationship, successor activity can start after the start of predecessor activity if lead is applied to successor. For example, if construction of walls and plaster on these walls are connected with SS relationship, then to start plaster, some portion of the walls must have to be completed.
Finish to Finish or FF:
In finish to finish, finish of successor activity is controlled by finish of predecessor activity. For example you may want to finish columns with walls so that roof can be built over them. Or you may want to finish all testing of a software with writing of a software manual so that final software package can be handed over to the client. You can also you lag and lead in FF relationship if you want to finish successor activity before or after finish of the successor activity.
Start to Finish or SF:
In start to finish, finish of successor activity is controlled by start of predecessor activity. Example of FS relationship can be that you have an activity of floor tiles in your schedule, lets say activity A, and you create an activity of material approval process for this activity and connect it to activity A by start to finish. Now you will have start and finish date of this material approval process so that the process can be initiated on time and you have approved tiles till start of tiling works.
So now you have understood all types of relationships. Happy learning and do comment or subscribe if you have liked this post.
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Thank you for this. I am still a little lost on the statement “S relationship doesn’t mean that successor activity can only start after predecessor activity has finished” I thought that was exactly what it meant.
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if you tie a milestone activity to another activity do you get the same start or finish date using a finish to start or a finish to finish relationship?
Hi Muhammad,
Thank you for this page. I was looking for this to explain the different activities to a junior scheduler.
However, please correct your explanation of SF relationships. The example you provide is typically the wrong usage of this type of relationship, because if the completion of activity B is running late the logic will still allow activity A to start as planned. It is wrong and you know it, because it contradicts what you have written in your other page: “A predecessor is an activity whose start or finish controls start or finish of another activity. And a successor is an activity whose start or finish is controlled by start or finish of another activity.” and “It is often considered that an activity which comes first in schedule is predecessor and activity which comes later is a successor activity, however this is a wrong concept.”
Please correct as soon as possible.
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